Enterovirus 71 is a common cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease and encephalitis in Asia and elsewhere. Among 142 children who had enterovirus 71 infection with central nervous system involvement, assessment at 2.9 years after infection revealed poor neurodevelopment and cognitive outcomes for children who had severe central nervous system involvement with cardiopulmonary failure. In most children who had central nervous system involvement alone, neurodevelopment was normal.
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