pathology MCQ'S

[prit_1001]

Examples of MCQs for the Part IB Pathology course Biology of Disease.

1.Bacterial exotoxins
A are actively secreted from the bacterial cell B are produced by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria
C are proteins D have similar effects on human cells regardless of bacterial species
E are components of LPS

2.Species of Salmonella
A cause food-borne infections B commonly exert their pathogenic effects via toxins
C invade intestinal cells D can resist killing by macrophages
E cause gastric and duodenal ulcers

3.Bacterial virulence genes
A are generally constitutively expressed B may be grouped on ‘pathogenicity islands’
C may be carried on plasmids D are involved in the establishment and maintenance of infections
E evolve less rapidly than other genes

4.Infection by Herpes Simplex Virus
A occurs via aerosol transmission B results in lifelong latent infection
C can be treated with acyclovir D is controlled by mass vaccination
E causes glandular fever

5.Poliovirus, a Picornavirus
A contains an RNA genome B is transmitted by the faeco-oral route
C infects sensory neurones D is controlled by mass vaccination
E cannot be eliminated because there is an animal reservoir

6.Live-attenuated virus vaccines
A are produced by inactivating virus particles using chemical or physical treatments
B are used to immunise against measles C are used to immunise against hepatitis B
D are used soley to protect the vaccinee from infection E do not induce a cytotoxic T-cell response

7.Benign neoplasms
A may form polyps in the rectum B contain dysplastic cells
C may arise in mesenchymal and epithelial tissues D do not progress to malignancy
E include sarcomas

9.The following are carcinogenic
A infra-red radiation B ultra-violet radiation C house dust D nickel
E the anticancer drug chlorambucil

10.The following are true
A activation of the ras oncogene usually occurs by point mutation
B myc oncogene products are located predominantly in the cell membrane
C many proto-oncogenes code for tyrosine kinases D all known cellular oncogenes have retroviral homologues
E some oncogenes encode cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclins
11.Pathology of malaria may include
A anaemia due to red cell destruction B red blood cell sequestration
C fever correlated with synchronous parasite growth D re-current disease due to cryptic infection of liver
E cerebral inflamation due to overproduction of TNF-alpha

12.Pathology of schistosomiasis may include
A ”swimmers itch” caused by skin penetration by cercariae B portal hypertension due to fibrosis
C lung eosinophilia due to adult worm migration D Katayama fever from reaction to cercarial antigens
E pre-disposition to bladder cancer

13.Factors that influence the induction of tolerance include
A the solubility of the antigen B the route of administration of antigen
C the dose of antigen D maturity of the immune system
E chimerism

14.Central tolerance takes place in
A thymus B lymph nodes C spleen D liver E pancreas

15.The following are examples of autoimmune disease
A Type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus B Rheumatoid arthritis C Multiple sclerosis
D Adrenal hyperplasia E Systemic lupus erythematosus

16.The endogenous pathway of antigen presentation mainly involves
A peptides derived from extracellular pathogens B presentation of antigen to CD4+ T-cells
C presentation of antigen to CD8+ T-cells D presentation of antigen to B cells
E presentation of antigen on MHC class I molecules

17.The Fc portion of Ig
A is required for placental transmission B is important for triggering IgE mediated hypersensitivity
C is required for antigen binding D confers biological activity on the various immunoglobulin classes
E contains both heavy and light chains

18.MHC class I molecules
A are highly polymorphic B are only expressed on professional antigen presenting cells
C associate preferentially with pathogen-derived peptides D accommodate peptides in an open-ended peptide binding groove
E associate with β2-microglobulin

19.The following genes are activated as oncogenes in common human tumours
A Ki-ras B BRCA1 C Rb-1 D P53 E APC

20.The following are true in human carcinogenesis
A translocations involving c-myc are common in Burkitt’s lymphoma
B Ki-ras activation is usually effected by point mutation
C P53 inactivation is frequently associated with aneuploidy
D errors in mismatch repair are characteristic of aneuploid tumours
E both alles of P53 must be altered to produce a phenotype

21.The following molecules are important activators of apoptosis
A Caspase 3
B cytochrome C
C E cadherin
D heat shock proteins
E fas