well sarosem i actually don't know that you asked this not because you dont know it (i mean you are also studying at china ??? isn't it right?/ but i am not sure..) ok any way i will try to give you some help hope you will like it, and by the way i am soon uploading all the basic theory of "Chinease Traditional Medicine" and i have asked ADMIN. to open a sub-forum so that it will be easy to browse it any time but i have not got his reply hope soon i will recive it and 2 files are really large and i am uploading in megaupload , soon you can use it.
well lets go to your question ok. but i have tried to explain so it is little bigger so hope you wont get bore while reading it.
Theory of Yinyang
The theory of yinyang deals mainly with the implication of yinyang ,the formation of the theory of yin and yang ,the categorization of things according to the nature of yinyang ,the content of the theory of yin and yang.
1. The formation of the theory of yin and yang
The original meaning of the concept of yin and yang is very simple. Initially, the terms referred to whether or not a place faced sunlight .the place that faced sunlight or that was filled with sun was called yang, while the place that faced away from the sun was called yin .
Later ,the ancients gradually observed that there were objective existences in the natural world ,such as heaven and earth ,sun and moon ,day and night ,cold and hot ,bright and dim ,death and life and mal and female .from these objective existences ,the meanings of yin and yang extended into inter-opposite concepts . gradually ,it was realized that things in the natural world had two opposite aspects ,and that the interaction of these two aspects promoted change and development .
2.The categorization of things accordingly to the nature of yinyang
All the things and phenomena in the universe contain two aspects ,such as heaven and earth ,the water and fire ,cold and heat ,the daytime and night ,man and woman ,outside and inside ,movement and stability ,etc.
Yang originate from a Chinese word “日”,the meaning of it is sun ;while yin from “月”,the meaning of it is moon .since the moon and the sun are opposite and interdependent to each other in nature ,the dynamic state of wane and wax of sun-moon induce to the daytime-night changes and seasonal changes and it reflect the basic characteristic of yin and yang ,they ate used as the signifiers of yin-yang .
Generally speaking the things and phenomena that show the characteristics of being warm, bright, excited, hot, up, moving, strong, invisible, hyper function, functional movement pertain to
yang;
while the things and phenomena that show the specific characteristics of being cold ,dark, down, motionless, weak, visible, heavy and turbid, inactive, nourishing substance belong to
yin .
In the divisiory standardization of yin-yang, two things must be pointed out:
1. One is that
yin and yang properties of things may intertransform with the change of time and application, in other words they are not absolute but relative and in certain condition one can transform into the other. for eg :when spring is compared with summer, it is much colder, so it pertains to yin while summer pertains to yang. but when spring is compared with winter, it is warmer, therefore it pertains to yang while winter pertains to yin.
2.
The other is shown in the infinite divisibility of yin and yang ,that is to say, there exists yang within yin and yin within yang.
take day and night for instance, daytime pertains to yang and night to yin, but both day and night can be again divided into two phase: in the daytime, the period from dawn till noon is yang within yang, since yangqi increases gradually in this phase; the period from noon till dusk is yin within yang, since yangqi decreases gradually in this phase. similarly, night can be divided into two aspects: the period from dusk till midnight is yin within yin;the period from midnight till dawn is yang within yin,for the increasing yinqi in the anterior night and decreasing yinqi in the posterior night.
Make a comprehensive view of yin-yang theory ,
two points have to be taken into consideration: one is that though the nature is made up of material, but either yin or yang are not material but a basic law in the universe to explain the nature. secondly, though the properties of yin-yang are strictly defined, it is relative. Qi 1.The basic concept of qi
Qi is the substance of vitalism. qi is an naïve understanding of the natural phenomena in ancient time. Early in the spring and Autumn Period and Warring States, the materialist philosophers regarded that qi is the fundamental substance to make up the world, and every thing in the cosmos is produced by the movement and changes of qi. This naïve understanding was introduced into medical theory and became a basic concept of qi in TCM .
Qi is the basic substance, which makes up the human body. when qi gathers, it forms the organic body ;when it disperses, the organic body dies.
Further, qi the essential material which maintains the life activities. Life activity needs to be supported by nutrients. Only the body gets nutrients from the external world including the fresh air (clear qi ) inhaled by the lung from the nature ,essential qi transformed by stomach and spleen from the essence of drink and food ,can the physiological activities be maintained normally .from this sense, the qi is the essential material which maintains the life activities .
(For Clear understanding you should know some thing about the formation, classification, composition & their function of it- sorry it will make content big but i think it is essential...
) 2.formation of qi
qi in the human body comes from three sources :
i) The congenital essential qi inherited from the parents;
ii) The food essential qi from the essence of drink and food;
iii) The clear qi (fresh air ) inhaled by lung from the atmosphere .
t
he congenital essential qi inherited and derived from the reproductive essence of parents stores in the kidney.
The food essential qi is formed by the transforming action of stomach and spleen.
The clear qi in the atmosphere is received through the respiration of the lung.
From the origin and formation of qi, we can see that the
wane and wax of qi is not only related to the inheritance, acquired nutrition and the condition of environment, but also closely to the kidney, spleen, stomach and lung. when the function of there organs are normal ,the qi in the body can keep prosperous .conversely ,if they function abnormally ,the formation of qi will be affected and ,then ,pathological changes, such as qi deficiency will occur.
It should be pointed out that after birth, the maintenance of normal life activities depends on receiving nutrition from the food, which, in turn, should depend on the function of intake, digestion, transportation and transformation of the stomach and the spleen. Thus, the functions of the stomach and the spleen play an important role in the formation of qi .
3.classification of qi
As a whole, qi is formed by the essential qi of the kidney, the essential qi from the foodstuff transported and transformed by the spleen and stomach, and the fresh air inhaled by the lung from the atmosphere, under the joint actions of the physiological functions of the kidney, spleen, stomach and lung.
Qi flows in all parts of the body. Because of their different compositions, location and function, each qi has its own name. Generally speaking, the qi of human body can be classified into the
four following categories: primordial qi, pectoral qi, nourishing qi and defensive qi.
(1)Primordial qi
Primordial qi is also called congenital qi .it is the most fundamental and important qi of the body, and the primary motive force for the life activities.
1) Composition and distribution
The primodial qi mainly consists of the essential qi stored in the kidneys. Its formation depends on the essence of the kidney. After its formation,it flows through-out the body via the triple-jiao. It goes inward to the viscera and outward to the muscle and skin and functions to each part of the body.
2)Physiological functions
The main functions of the primordial qi are promoting growth and development, warming and motivating physiological activities of the viscera, meridians, tissues and organs. Therefore, the primordial qi is the primary motive force for the life activities, and is the most fundamental substance to maintain life. Sufficient primordial qi always goes with vigor activities of viscera, merdians and organs, and good health. If the primordial qi is congenitally insufficient, or lack of proper care after birth, or exhausted by consuming disease, then there will be deficiency of primordial qi and various pathological changes will occur.
(2)Pectoral Qi 1)compostion and distribution
The pectoral qi is mainly composed of clear qi inhaled by the lung and the essential qi transformed by stomach and spleen from the essence of drink and food. After its formation, it accumulates in the chest, hence, is called “the upper sea of qi ”,this place is the starting place for qi movement.
The spleen and stomach play important roles in the formation of the pectoral qi. The excess and deficiency of the pectoral qi is related to the physiological functions of the lung, spleen and stomach, especially the lung.
2)physiological functions
There are two main functions of the pectoral qi.
One is to promote the respiration of the lung by moving through the respiratory tract, which is also related to the strength of voice and breath. The other is to run in the heart and blood vessels to move the qi and blood including motivating the heart beat, regulating heart rate and rhythm. Therefore, the circulation of qi and blood, body temperature and movement, perceptive ability og hearing and vision, strength and rhythm of heart beat and so forth, are all related to the strength of pectoral qi.
“xuli”,located below the left nipple, is a point to observe the strength of pectoral qi by the ancient. Clinically doctors usually detect the pulsation of xuli to evaluate the strength of pectoral qi.
(3)Nourishing qi
Nourishing qi is one kind of qi which flows together with blood in vessels. It has the function to nourish so that it is called “thrifting qi”. Nourishing function is closely related to blood. They are different but inseparable so they are called together as “nourishing blood”. Nourishing qi is opposite to defending qi. It pertains to yin. Therefore, it is also called “nourishing yin”.
1)compostion and distribution
The nourishing qi mainly comes from the essential qi from the essence of drink and food by the transforming action of the spleen and stomach. It derives from the essential part of essential qi. It exists in blood vessels and is an important part of blood. It circulates in the body.
2)physiological functions
Nourishing and hemopoietic actions are two physiological functions of nourishing qi. Its main ingredient is the essential substance from food stuff which is the nutrient for the actives of viscera and meridians. At the same, time, when nourishing qi flows in vessels, it is one composition of the blood.
(4)Defending qi
Defensive qi is a kind of qi, which flows outside the vessels. It is the opposite to nourishing qi and, thus, pertain to yang. Therefore, it is also called “defensive yang”.
1) Composition and distribution
The defensive qi is mainly from essential qi of essence from drink and food. Its character is vigorous and smooth. It has strongest strength and flows fast. It is not restricted by vessels ,it flows between the skin and flesh and distribute in the chest and abdomen.
2) Physiological functions
Defensive qi has three functions:
First is to defend the surface of the body to prevent the attack form the exterior evil. Second is to warm and nourish the viscera, muscles, skin and hair etc. the third is to control the opening and closing of the interstitial space, the excretion of sweat and, thus, to maintain a stable body temperature. Both nourishing qi and defensive qi generate in the middle-jiao and mainly comes from the essential qi of the essence from drink and food. However, the nourishing qi is in the vessels and the defensive qi is outside the vessels. In order to have normal function of them the circulation of them have to be harmonized.
In addition to the above-mentioned four kinds of qi, there are “viscera-qi”, ”meridian qi” etc. actually, all these qi are derived from the primordial qi. When the primodial qi distributes in certain viscus or meridian, it becomes viscera-qi or meridian-qi and the material basis for the activities of the viscus and meridian.
oh god too long...bored may be???
hope usefull to all of you.
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