Amazing Facts about Malaria:
- 1 million people die of malaria each year.
- 300-500 million cases of malaria occur per year.
- Four Nobel prizes have been awarded for work associated with malaria, to Sir Ronald Ross (1902), Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1907), Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1927) and Paul Hermann Muller (1948).
- In Africa, a child dies from malaria every 30 seconds.
- Malaria occurs in over 100 countries and territories. More than 40% of the world’s population is at risk (e.g., parts of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Central and South America, Hispaniola, and Oceania). .
- The average cost for potentially life-saving treatments of malaria are estimated to be US$0.13 for chloroquine, US$0.14 for sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and US$2.68 for a 7-day course of quinine.
- Residents of Asembo Bay (Western Kenya) were bitten 60-300 times a year by a malaria-carrying mosquito in the 1990's, before control measures (including the use of insecticide-treated bed nets) were put in place.
- Among the four malaria species that infect humans, Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale can develop dormant liver stages that can reactivate after symptomless intervals of up to 2 (P. vivax) to 4 years (P. ovale).
- 84% of the blood transfusions given in March-June 2000 in a major hospital in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) were for anemia caused by malaria.
- Pregnant women have increased susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria; in malaria-endemic countries, P. falciparum contributes to 8-14% of low birth weight, which in turn decreases the chance of a baby’s survival
- After a single sporozoite (the parasite form inoculated by the female mosquito) of Plasmodium falciparum invades a liver cell, the parasite grows in 6 days and produces 30,000-40,000 daughter cells (merozoites) which are released into the blood when the liver cell ruptures. In the blood, after a single merozoite invades a red blood cell, the parasite grows in 48 hours and produces 8-24 daughter cells, which are released into the blood when the red blood cell ruptures.