1. VSD, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding aorta, RV hypertrophy
2. Acute= Staph. aureus, gr A hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, or gonococci.
3.Subacute=usually caused by streptococcal species (especially viridans streptococci, microaerophilic and anaerobic streptococci, and enterococci)
4. Normal
5. Abnormal
6.Transposition of the great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein's anomaly, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
7. ASD, VSD, PDA, CoA
8.Infective endocarditis, Prophylactic (antibiotics)
9. Sir Alexander Fleming , .....
10.Panacinar emphysema (COPD)
11.Irreversible dilatation of part of the bronchial tree
12.chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, convulsions and intracerebral calcifications
13. CASES = carditis, arthritis, sydenhams chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules
14.ASO
15.Acetylcholine
16.Contraidicated if the patient is taking any form of nitrate (viagra), if hypotensive, if allergic to nitrates.
