[Sanju]

Department of Surgery
Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital

V semester, 11th December, 2006 Time: 2:00 hours

Section A
1. What is Enteral nutrition? What are the routes? How do you assess nutritional requirements? (3+4+5)
2. A) Describe metabolic response to trauma. (6)
B) How do you calculate the daily fluid requirement? (5)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Sinus
c. Metabolic acidosis

Section B
1. What is peritonitis? Classify it and mention aetiological factors. Describe the management in brief. (2+4+6)
2.
a. Define fistula. What are the causes of non-healing of fistula? (3+3)
b. Describe wound healing. (5)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. ANDI
b. Water intoxication
c. Hypoxia



V Semester, 2005

Section A
1. Define and classify haemorrhage. What are the complications of blood transfusion? Discuss the management of mismatch blood transfusion. (1+2+4+5)
2.
a. What are the different phases of trauma care? Discuss triage. (3+3)
b. Give an account to metabolic response to surgery. (5)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. Enteral nutrition
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Glasgow Coma Scale

Section B
1. Define and classify shock. Discuss its pathophysiology. How will you approach a case of septicaemic shock? (3+4+5)
2.
a. Classify benign breast diseases. What is ANDI? (3+3)
b. Differentiate between hypertrophic scar and keloid. (5)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. Fistula
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Port Wine stain



VI semester 6th December, 2006

Section A
1. Define and classify haemorrhage. What are the complications of blood transfusion? Discuss the management of mismatch blood transfusion. (3+3+6)
2. What is haematemesis? What are the causes of Upper GI bleeding? How will you manage a case of oesophageal varices? (3+3+5)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. Total Parenteral Nutrition
b. ERCP
c. Flial chest

Section B
1. Define and classify shock. Discuss its pathophysiology. How will you approach a case of septicaemic shock? (3+3+6)
2. Discuss the clinical features and sequelae of acute appendicitis. Illustrate the principles of management of appendicular lump. (5+6)
3. Short notes: (4x3)
a. Embolism
b. Hyperkalemia
c. SIRS